
Monday, December 14, 2009
KURUMBAR OVERVIEW
Wednesday, December 9, 2009
KURUMBAR TEMPLE PRAY
Mass whipping of women to cast away ‘evil spirit’
R. ILANGOVAN
In a strange ritual, more than 2,000 women including school-going teen-aged girls, who were believed to be ‘possessed’ by evil spirits were given vicious whip lashes to “free them from these bad elements” at the annual festival of the ancient Sri Achappan Temple at Bavithram Vellalapatti, a remote village situated on the border of Tiruchi and Namakkal districts, on Monday, the Vijayadasami Day.
The men priests, dressed in traditional attire, cracked whips on the ‘possessed’ women, the salvation seekers, who sat in a half-kilometre-long queue for nearly five hours on a sprawling open space called ‘lashing ground’ near the temple.
Many of them were young school and college-going girls, who winced when they received the lashes and writhed in pain on the ground. The long and wieldy whips, which descended on them in full ferocity, had left them gasping for breath, causing burning marks of wounds on them and forcing them to sob and cry in searing pain. Many were given three to four flogs to drive away the ‘multiple spirits’ that possessed them.
Vanita, a twelfth standard student from a nearby village, who received the lash, was holding both her hands in pain. Sobbing uncontrollably, she told The Hinduthat she had to sit on the queue as her parents insisted. As she was not showing interest in studies, they believed that an evil spirit had possessed her, preventing her from scoring high marks. "They forced me. Now my friends will look at me suspiciously once they know that I attended the festival, known for curing mental disorders,” she said.
Vanita was not the only girl student to be flogged against her wishes and to face taboo back at home. Many of her age and even those younger, in the age group of 11 and 12 and studying, had undergone the ordeal to drive away the presumed extraterrestrials that did not permit them to study well.
Another girl, about 16, from a village in Dindigul district was brought to the 'lashing ground’ as she was yet to attain puberty and another for her irregular menstrual periods. Even a newly wed wife, accompanied by her husband, attended it saying that her in-laws had told her that she was 'possessed.’
“A lash here will cure all these ills, physical and mental, that afflict women,” said a 60-year old Chelli, a regular receiver of lashes in the temple for the past decade. Her hands bore criss-cross marks of scars from wounds she received from the whips.
Asked if the practice was not a crime, the temple priest and co-ordinator, Kulla Goundan, of Kurumbar descent, said it was not so. “It is a belief of devotees and the practice is in vogue for long. We cannot alter [that],” he said. Nearly 10,000 people gathered for the festival, which concluded on Tuesday.
Keywords: evil spirit, whipping, women, Sri Achappan Temple, Bavithram Vellalapatti, ritual
Monday, December 7, 2009
Kurumbar Details
Kurumbar or Kurumans or Kurubaru caste are shepherds of South India. They are indigenous people of India. Even though they are called in different names like Kurumans,Kurumbar, Kurumba, Kuruba and these names are synonyms and one and the same. They speak Kuruman tribal Kannada language. Their God is Veerabadra (Beera dhevaru). They celebrate the God by breaking coconuts on their heads. Their surnames are Gounder, Gowder, Heggade, Naiker, and others. They are known as Dhangar in rest of India.
Classification: | Caste/Dhangar(Shepherd)(Kshatriya) | |
Significant populations in: | Northern India, Western India,Southern India, and Central India | |
Language | Tamil, Telugu and Kannada | |
Religion | Hinduism |
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[edit]History
Kurumbar are descendants of Pallavas. Mahabalipuram sculpture, adjacent to Madras is their legacy. They ruled South India for more than 500 years, from the 4th century to the 9th century, and left a permanent mark in the field of art and architecture.
As Pallava rule declined, the Kurumans forefathers scattered over a wide area of southern India and became culturally distinct. During this time, the Kurumans survived by hunting,gathering food from the forests, or small-scale farming. Some even became slaves. In time, the majority of Kurumans settled on the plains as small landowners or herdsmen. Today the descendants of the Pallavas have become orphans and living in a very bad socio-economic condition in places like Dharmapuri, Natrampalli, Thandrampattu, Thiruvannamalai, Sengam,Hosur, Vaniyambadi, Alangayam, Vellakuttai, Priya kuruma theru village,Ambur, Vellore,Pasumbalur,Perambalur, Periyammapalayam, Salem, Tiruppattur, Krishnagiri, Coimbatore and other parts of Tamil Nadu. Their livelihood depends on rearing sheep and weaving woollen blankets.
The British Government had given certain privileges to these neglected people. A reserved constituency, free lands and reservation in government jobs were offered under Indian (British) Constitution Act 1935. But today, their own government in Tamil Nadu has been denying community certificates and depriving the privileges conferred to tribals under Constitution of India. Because of this, yesteryear's rulers have been leading a distressed, painful and untold misery of life today.
Because of lack of unity and good leaders among them, they are subjected to harassment by vested interest. Few educated Kurumans have become assertive and demanding in getting their rights.
KURUMBA GOUNDER ABOUT ME
Kuruba
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kurubas are a caste of Hindus concentrated mainly in the southern states of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, India. They are also known as Dhangars in Maharashtra, Kurumba / Kurumans / Kurumbar in Tamil Nadu, Gaddi, Bharwad, Gadaria, Nikher, Pal, Baghel in North India, Bakarwal in Jammu & Kashmir and Oraon in Eastern India. Unofficial population estimate in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka is about 16 million.
Classification: | Caste/Kshatriya Dhangar | |
Significant populations in: | Northern India, Western India,Southern India, and Central India | |
Language | Kannada, Tamil, Telugu | |
Religion | Hinduism |
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[edit]Etymology
The word Kuruba means "warriors" and "trustworthy people." The word "Kuru" means "do or seek" in Sanskrit, and "Kuruhu" means "trust" in Kannada. "Kuruba" can be inferred to mean "doers" or "trustworthy (male person)". Kuruba can also be inferred to mean Seeker of Knowledge, Kuru (seek), Bha (Knowledge, Light). Kuruba has a direct meaning of one who herds "Kuri" (Sheep) in Kannada, mainly a Shepherd.
[edit]History
The Kuruba community is one of the oldest existing communities of India, tracing its history back to Mahabharata times. Kurubas have a great love for kannada language .The population of the Kuruba community in Karnataka alone is nearly 80 lakhs. People of the Kuruba community have long practised a variety of professions, and have not been confined to their traditional (and still predominant) occupation as shepherds and farmers. They have been the source of several ruling dynasties, most recently the Holkars of Indore; it has also been stated by some scholars that the Hoysala dynasty may have hailed from this community. Undeniably, a very large section of rural gentry in Karnataka, and many chieftains and feudal barons in past eras, have belonged to the Kuruba community.
Most prominent Kurubas have been Hakkaraya and Bukkaraya, founders of Vijayanagara Empire, ,Hoysalas, Pallavas, Holkars, Sangolli Rayanna,Mauryas, Yadavas etc. Some Kurubas have been social thinkers and poets, such as Kalidasa and Kanakadasa.
The Great Maharaja Yashwantrao Holkar was the first freedom fighter who made an army, in 1803, mostly consisting of Kurubas(Dhangars) to fight with the British and to drive them out of India. He built a factory to manufacture tanks. He appealed to the rest of the Kings of India and said, "First Country and then Religion. We will have to rise above caste, religion and our states in the interest of our country. You too must wage a war against the British like me". His appeal fell on deaf ears as all of them had already signed treaties with the British. The Kurubas took part in the revolt of 1857. Many of them were hanged to death in Berar (M.P.). The British were so much afraid of Kurubas that they made a law banning purchase of land by Kurubas stating a reason that they were not Kunbis (agriculturists). They were oppressed in all spheres of life.
He was the only king in India to whom the British approached to sign a peace treaty. Initially he refused to sign any treaty with the British, but when he saw that rest of the kings were not ready to unite and were interested in personal benefits he was the last to sign a treaty with the British on 24 December 1805 at Rajghat. He did not accept any condition which would affect his self respect.
Similar to Kurubas who are Yaduvamsha Kshatriyas, there are gouds/Idigas who are Somavamsha Kshatriyas and Palli, Jalari who are Mathsya vamsha kshatriyas.Meat selling community who are Are Kshatriya( Katika). Padmasali/Devanga who are having brahminical lineage.
Allama Prabhu, President of Lingayat Temple at the time of allowing saint Rewad in the temple stated "Kuruba Hutavamunna Kulavilla Gotra Villam, Kuruban fal kani Basawanna." meaning "Before the kurubas there were no gotras, gotras came with kurubas, Basawanna, we are the decendants of kurubas". This shows that many Lingayats were kurubas/Dhangars previously
[edit]Culture
Kurubas are Hindus who follow Halumatha. Halumatha is also referred to as palamatha in some parts of India. Religion of the Palakas. Worshiping Almighty Source in stone (Linga) form might have originated from Halumatha. Stone is the source for the soil. Soil is the source for the plants. Plants are the source for the animals. This may be the reason for worshiping Almighty in Stone. Through the ages, this stone worship tradition might have led to worshiping Shiva (Pashupati) as Beeralingeswara, Mailara Linga, Khandoba, Mahadeshwara, Nanjundeswara, Mallappa, Mallara, Mallikarjuna, Junjappa etc.) Even the worshiping of shakti as Yellamma, Renuka, Chowdamma, Kariyamma,hallehoramma,thottilhiramma Chamundi, Bhanashankari, Gullamma etc. might have come from this tradition. Even today ancestral worship as deities is very common. The worship of ancestors like Revanasidda, Rama,Hanuman, Krishna, Keshava, Ranganatha, Eera Thimmanna, Tirupati Thimmappa, Venkateswara, Kalidasa, Siddarama, Kanakadasa, etc. as Devaru very much exists in Kuruba traditions.
Beeralingeswara temples have Balaga with Gowda, Buddhivanta, Bandari, Kolkara etc. Generally priests in Beeralingeshwara and Milaralingeshwara temples are Kurubas. Kurubas were great warriors and had established many ancient kingdoms such as the Hoysala kingdom in Karnataka and Pallava kingdom in present day Tamil Nadu; they reached their zenith of prosperity between AD 1300 and AD 1600 under the great Vijayanagara Empire.
Kurubas are known by different names in different regions of the country. In some locations in Karnataka, people from the Kuruba community use Naiker as surname. It means the same as Gowda (a leader of village or temple). The following are used:
Andar, Ahiyaru, Ahir, Appugol, Maldhari / Bharwad / Rabari, Bharavadaru, Dhangar, Dhangad / Dhanwar / Dhanka /Dhangod, Doddi Gowda, Goravar,Gadhariya, Gadaria, Gowda, Gaddi, Gadri, Gollavadu, Gounder, Halumatha, Heggades, Idyar, Kaude, Khuruk, Kuda, Kuruba, Kuruba Gowda, Kurama, Kurumba, Kurmar, Kurumbar, Kalavar, Kuruma, Kurumavaaru, Kurkhi, Kurupu, Naikers, Nikhers, Oraon, Pal / Pala, Palaru, Paalakyatriya, Poduvar, Yadavalu,Mane(being the upper class of the following).
[edit]Kuruba kingdoms

- Sangama Dynasty[citation needed]:
- Holkars[citation needed]
- Pallavas[citation needed]
- Hoysalas[citation needed]
- Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri[citation needed]
- Rashtrakutas[citation needed]
- Maurya[citation needed]
[edit]Sub-castes
[edit]Kurubas today
Traditionally warriors and farmers, Kurubas were late to take up modern education, but have made rapid progress in many fields. They reached the zenith of prosperity under the Vijayanagara empire[1]
[edit]Traditions
Traditionally Kuruba Gowdas celebrate most Hindu festivals. They have their own costumes, songs, ballads and plays in praise of god such as:
- Kamsale - Sung in praise of Mahadeshwara
- Dollu Kunitha
- Kurubara Kunitha
- Oggu Kathas
- Lingada Birana Kunitha
- Goravayyalu of Andhra Pradesh.
[edit]Kuruba epics
- Halumatha Kuruba Purana - Story of Kuruba Gowdas
- Epic of Katamaraju - Telugu Epic
- The Story of Mahadeshwara
[edit]Famous kuruba gowdas
See List of Kurubas.
[edit]Books about Kurubas
The following literary works are on Kuruba Gowdas
- Bharatha Kurubara Charithre by V R Hanumanthaiah
- Halumatha Darshana by Shambha Joshi
- Karnataka Kurubas by Shivanand Gubbanna
- Badal Aamhi Ghadvinar in Marathi by Mahadeo Jankar
- Satyashodhak,Dandnayak-Saint Kanakadass (in Marathi) by S.L.Akkisagar
[edit]Portrayal of kurubas in media
Kuruba Gowdas are portrayed in films such as
- Kaviratna Kalidasa - Kannada movie starring Dr Rajkumar.
- Bhakta Kanakadasa - Kannada movie starring Dr Rajkumar.
- Sangolli Rayanna - Kannada movie about the legendary freedom fighter.
- Kakanakote - Movie about Kaka the leader of Kadu Kurubas.
- Kalidasa - Tamil Movie starring Sivaji Ganesan.
- Jogi - Kannada movie starring Shivarajkumar
See also: List of Kuruba films
[edit]Community websites
- http://dhangarmatri.com
- http://kanakamaithri.in
- http://apkuruma.org
- http://kurubagowda.myfastforum.org/index.php
[edit]Pastoral Community interlinks in India
[edit]Related External websites about the community and its history
- http://www.bellary.nic.in/History.htm
- http://www.india9.com/i9show/-Tamil-Nadu/Pallavas-21797.htm
- http://www.india9.com/i9show/Kurumba-Tribe-50325.htm[[Category:Social groups of Karnataka]